Energy- efficient, power efficient and thermal aware computing and communication Newton’s cooling model and basic thermodynamics and sustainability. Middleware Support for green computing: Power states Power states Voltage and frequency scaling ACPI support for Linux and, Voltage and frequency scaling, ACPI support for Linux and Windows, compiler optimization, virtualization and server consolidation. Tools for monitoring: Sensor networks, cooling equipment and their behavior. HPC computing: Hadoop, Map-Reduce, Dynamic thermal-aware scheduling, Resource Management in Virtualized Environment. Green Mobile, embedded computing and networking: Optimizing for minimizing battery consumption, Safe and Sustainable Cyber-physical systems (Medical devices). Management Frameworks Standards and metrics for green computing.